![]() Moreover, such hippocampal "re- and preplay" has been found to contribute to instrumental decision making, the learning of value representations, and the delay of rewards in rats. These hippocampal activations coordinate with neural reward and fear centers as well as sensory and cortical areas in ways that are associated with conscious episodic mental imagery in humans. Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and theta oscillations have been found to instantiate previous and anticipated experiences. ![]() Do any nonhuman animals have hedonically valenced experiences not directly caused by stimuli in their current environment? Do they, like us humans, experience anticipated or previously experienced pains and pleasures as respectively painful and pleasurable? We review evidence from comparative neuroscience about hippocampus-dependent simulation in relation to this question.
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